Python 3 Numeric Operations

List of numeric operations available in Python, with an example of each.

In Python, all numeric types (except complex) support the following operations. These are sorted by ascending priority. Also note that all numeric operations have a higher priority than comparison operations.

Operation Result Example
x + y Sum of x and y
Result
700
x - y Difference of x and y
Result
300
x * y Product of x and y
Result
100000
x / y Quotient of x and y
Result
2.5
x // y Floored quotient of x and y
Result
2
x % y Remainder of x / y
Result
100
-x x negated
Result
-300
+x x unchanged
Result
700
abs(x) Absolute value or magnitude of x
Result
500
int(x) x converted to integer
Result
500
float(x) x converted to float
Result
500.0
complex(re, im) A complex number with real part re, imaginary part im. im defaults to zero.
Result
(490+0j)
c.conjugate() Conjugate of the complex number c.
Result
(3-4j)
divmod(x, y) The pair (x // y, x % y)
Result
(4, 10)
pow(x, y) x to the power y
Result
250000
x ** y x to the power y
Result
250000

Further Operations for Integers & Floats

Floats and integers also include the following operations.

Operation Result Example
math.trunc(x) x truncated to Integral
Result
123
round(x[, n]) x rounded to n digits, rounding half to even. If n is omitted, it defaults to 0.
Result
123
math.floor(x) The greatest Integral <= x.
Result
123
math.ceil(x) The greatest Integral >= x.
Result
124

The above are some of the most commonly used operations. The Python documentation contains a full list of math modules that can be used on floats and integers, and cmath modules that can be used on complex numbers.

Bitwise Operations on Integer Types

The following bitwise operations can be performed on integers. These are sorted in ascending priority.

Operation Result Example
x | y Bitwise or of x and y
Result
508
x ^ y Bitwise exclusive of x and y
Result
316
x & y Bitwise exclusive of x and y
Result
192
x << n x shifted left by n bits
Result
2000
x >> n x shifted right by n bits
Result
125
~x The bits of x inverted
Result
-501