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CSS animation

The CSS animation property is a shorthand property for setting multiple animation properties in one place. To create an animation using CSS, use the animation property in conjunction with the @keyframes keyword/at-rule, which allows you to define visual effects for your animation.

The CSS animation property is a time-efficient way of coding your CSS animations. It allows you to set values for the following properties: animation-name, animation-duration, animation-timing-function, animation-delay, animation-iteration-count, animation-direction, and animation-fill-mode.

Note that order is important. You must specify the values in the same order as listed in the Syntax section below.

The examples on this page include browser-specific properties that start with extensions such as -webkit-, -moz-, etc. This is for browser compatibility reasons. See the bottom of this article for more on this.

Syntax: animation: [<animation-name> || <animation-duration> || <animation-timing-function> || <animation-delay> || <animation-iteration-count> || <animation-direction> || <animation-fill-mode>] [, [<animation-name> || <animation-duration> || <animation-timing-function> || <animation-delay> || <animation-iteration-count> || <animation-direction> || <animation-fill-mode>] ]*
Example 
animation:bounce 1s ease-in 2s 6 alternate none; /* W3C */
-webkit-animation:bounce 1s ease-in 2s 6 alternate none; /* Safari & Chrome */
-moz-animation:bounce 1s ease-in 2s 6 alternate none; /* Firefox */
-ms-animation:bounce 1s ease-in 2s 6 alternate none; /* Internet Explorer */
-o-animation:bounce 1s ease-in 2s 6 alternate none; /* Opera */
Note that this example includes the CSS3 animation property as well as other CSS extensions. This is for browser compatibility.
Try it yourself!


Possible Values:
name
The name of the animation. For more information, see animation-name.
duration
Defines the length of time that an animation takes to complete one iteration. For more information, see animation-duration.
timing_function
Specifies how an animation progresses between keyframes. For more information, see animation-timing-function.
delay
Defines when an animation starts. For more information, see animation-delay.
iteration_count
Specifies the number of times an animation iterates. For more information, see animation-iteration-count.
direction
Determines whether the animation should play in reverse on alternate iterations. For more information, see animation-direction.
Initial Value: See individual properties
Applies to: All elements, and the :before and :after pseudo elements
Inherited: No
Media: Visual

Browser Compatibility

At the time of writing, CSS3 was still under development and browser support for many CSS3 properties was limited or non-existent. For maximum browser compatibility many web developers add browser-specific properties by using extensions such as -webkit- for Safari and Google Chrome, -ms- for Internet Explorer, -moz- for Firefox, -o- for Opera etc. As with any CSS property, if a browser doesn't support a proprietary extension, it will simply ignore it.

This practice is not recommended by the W3C, however in many cases, the only way you can test a property is to include the CSS extension that is compatible with your browser.

Be aware that if you choose to use the proprietary CSS extensions in a live environment, your code will not pass any W3C CSS validation, as the browser-specific properties are not valid W3C properties.

Many of the CSS3 examples on this website include these browser specific properties. If they weren't included, most of the examples wouldn't work for most users (at least, not until possibly years after the article was written).

The major browser manufacturers are working to support the W3C properties, and eventually, you will be able to omit these browser-specific properties.

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